Deliberate Rest

A blog about getting more done by working less

Month: March 2015 (page 1 of 2)

Matthew Crawford on “Overcoming Society’s Distraction Addiction”

if I were in Seattle, I’d go to this, and not just because the title name-checks my book: Matthew Crawford is speaking about his new book, The World Beyond Your Head.

Many point to our technology addiction (namely, the influx of smart phones and the internet) as the root of society’s lack of focus, but according to Matthew Crawford (Shop Class as Soulcraft) the problem goes much deeper. Crawford’s The World Beyond Your Head takes a historical approach to our mass-distraction, revealing that the trouble can be traced to the very foundations of Western culture in the Enlightenment. From short-order cooks to gambling addicts, he examines success stories of the extreme focus many of us seek, but fail to achieve. He’ll share his findings on what it takes to refocus our lives–by mastering our minds–and the implications this has for culture, democracy, and even how children are raised.

I spoke at Town Hall in 2013, when I was on tour for The Distraction Addiction, and it was a great venue.

But Seattle is a great place, and a great place to engage with interesting audiences.

Molly McLeod’s iPhone wallpapers

Oakland-based artist Molly McLeod has created a set of hilarious but excellent iPhone wallpapers that act as nudges. They’re great.

I’ve been talking about this concept for a while (most recently in the Penn Gazette, my alumni magazine), and have even created a few myself; the WNYC Bored and Brilliant campaign also made some. I like the homemade quality and whimsy of Molly's, though. Not that they actually are necessarily that easy to make. This has that improved look that I suspect takes hours to get right.

This one could be the cover of my next book, on rest.

I especially like this one because Mom just got a new smartphone, and is calling me regularly for tech support help.

Finally, there’s the obligatory put down your phone wallpaper. I understand the sentiment, though I don’t entirely agree with it.

Update: Matt Thomas points me to Austin Kleon’s version:

This could be the cover of my next book

From Oakland-based artist Molly McLeod:

I’m a fan of the smartphone wallpaper as nudge, having created a few myself (and perhaps inspired WNYC’s Bored and Brilliant wallpapers). You can find the rest of hers here.

Anita Desai: “I could not have spoken to anyone of what it cost me to put work aside just when it acquired momentum”

Writer Anita Desai on her writing practice, from a 2012 article, and the pain of interruption: 

The writing I did as an adult took place, like my childhood writing, in the midst of a family of four children. I am often asked by the practically-minded, “How did you manage to write all those books while raising your children?” I explain that having them was what allowed me to stay home and write instead of going out to work or, worse, entering Delhi society. I did so by obediently following their routine: going to my desk as soon as they left for school, then putting my papers away before they came home. I kept to this routine all through the school term, then suspended writing during their holidays or when they were in bed with the measles. It instilled a rhythm in me that continued even after they had all left home. It was my discipline, and don’t all writers fall back on just that—discipline? It also became a habit for me, as smoking cigarettes might be for another.

If this makes me sound like an automaton, it was deliberate; something I had to submit to in order not to explode with frustration. I could not have spoken to anyone of what it cost me to put work aside just when it acquired momentum and began to flow with rare, perilous ease, or the struggle to pick up the thread where it had been broken, and mend and make it whole again.

Scott Adams on his morning routine: “I wait for the ideas… like a hunter in a duck blind”

Like many writers, Scott Adams has a pretty strict routine that he follows when getting down to work. He describes it in a Business Insider article, and no surprise, it’s lot like other creative routines. As he explains:

Creativity is not something you can summon on command. The best you can do is set an attractive trap and wait. My mornings are the trap.

I wait for the ideas to arrive at their leisure, like a hunter in a duck blind. And in order for the trap to work, I exercise tight control over my physical environment.

This is not unlike Stephen King’s description of his routine, or Raymond Chandler’s insistence that a writer spend four hours a day at their desk.

“information is not the scarce resource; what is scarce is the time for us humans to attend to it”

One of the things that plenty of CEOs in Silicon Valley pride themselves on is cutting out extraneous decisions, so they have bandwidth left to focus on the things that really matter. Who has time to match a tie and shirt? By the time to figure out which one to wear, the app economy will have been replaced by the Internet of Everything, and it doesn’t matter how good your color sense is because you’re now going to be picking rags in Bangladesh. Just wear the same turtleneck and jeans every day, and you can avoid catastrophe.

There’s a little magical thinking in this, if you take it too far, but we’re hardly the first people to simply our lives to have more time and attention for things that matter. Look at any monastery and you’ll see a way of life organized around this principle. But you can see it in serious thinkers, too. Nobel laureate Herbert Simon did it, as his daughter Katherine explained in 2004*:

He knew how he liked to spend his time. He believed that “people satisfice because they do not have the wits to maximize” and “information is not the scarce resource; what is scarce is the time for us humans to attend to it.” To maximize time for learning and teaching and talking with students, scholars, family, and friends, he needed to streamline less important activities. Once, early on, he made two decisions: what to eat for breakfast every day, and what to eat for lunch every day, thereby eliminating two daily decisions he would have had to make about something he considered trivial and uninteresting.

He practiced other kinds of minimalism, as David Klahr and Kenneth Kotovsky recount:

Herb lived a simple life. He walked to work from his home a mile from Carnegie Mellon. [J. C. Spender quipped, “His daily one-mile walk to his office, like Imannuel Kant’s, was so regular his neighbors kidded they could set their clocks by it.”— .ed] He hated air conditioning, refused to move his office into the renovated wings of our building, and for years after the dissemination of word-processors, continued to type his manuscripts on a manual typewriter. His home was warm and inviting but not in the least pretentious.

His life was a life of the mind. He inhabited his office for long hours on weekdays and weekends as well. Entering that office was an intellectual adventure. Whatever the topic was, you could be sure that you would engage a mind that was relentlessly seeking to understand some aspect of the world. It was a rare meeting that didn’t involve Herb jumping out of his seat and pulling a book off the shelf to consult about some issue that came up. Following his curiosity was what his life was about – and it led to wondrous places.

In another memorial, Katherine says that “he lived simply:”

one car, one hi-fi, no television. He owned a particular beret, one at a time, the new one purchased in the same shop each time the current one wore out. He and Dorothea lived in the same house for 46 years, never desiring to move to anything fancier. He walked a mile to work and another home each day. In a piece he wrote to himself, he mused that he was sure he held the record as the only person on earth who had ever walked 25,000 miles on Northumberland Street. I am sure he’s right.

*Source: Katherine Simon Frank, “He’s Just My Dad!” in Herbert Alexander Simon, Mie Augier, James G. March, eds., Models of a Man: Essays in Memory of Herbert A. Simon (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2004).

Train travel and fruitful mind-wandering

Recently I ran across two mentions of train travel as conducive to mind-wandering:

  • Writing in the Atlantic in 1862, Oliver Wendell Holmes describes being “magnetized into an hour or two of blissful reverie, my thoughts shaken up by the vibrations into all sorts of new and pleasing patterns, … all this without volition, the mechanical impulse alone keeping the thoughts in motion.”
  • In Advice for a Young Investigator, published many years later, the neurologist Santiago Ramón y Cajal wrote that “the powerful vibration of the locomotive and the spiritual solitude of the railway car” could “suggest ideas that are ultimately confirmed in the laboratory.”

I wonder if there was a broader understanding that trains were conducive to mind-wandering, or whether these are just two random observations.

Part of what’s notable here is that these are not just appeals to the mind-expanding potential travel in general, or the fact that trains give you an enforced period of isolation and inactivity, but the specific motion and rhythm of the train as it moves on the tracks.

 

Maybe Steven Kern’s Culture of Space and Time or Schivelbusch’s The Railway Journey can throw some light on the question.

Magnus Carlsen and the physical demands of chess

You might not think of chess players as athletes, as Christopher Berglund wrote in Psychology Today in 2013, while chess of course is a deeply cerebral sport, it’s also one whose top players have become serious athletes. He focuses particularly on world champion (and general media phenom) Magnus Carlsen and his routine:

Carlsen does not focus on his opening preparation as much as other top players. He plays a variety of openings—which he comes up with while running on a treadmill daily.

The link between physical activity and problem solving is something that anyone who works out regularly has experienced first hand. Being physically fit not only gives you physical stamina, it makes you more creative while giving you self-esteem and resilience to navigate life’s challenges….

Although chess is not a game that is usually associated with physical stamina, it actually requires tremendous physical endurance. Carlsen’s creative ability to build unbeatable positions combined with his stamina and endgame have drawn comparisons to the style of play used by many former world champions.

Carlsen revises his opening habitually while jogging on a treadmill which keeps him mentally sharp and physically fit. As Carlsen describes, “These long tournaments are quite tiring and long games are very tiring, especially at the end.” He recently told The Associated Press, “If you are in good shape and can keep your concentration you will be the one who will profit from your opponents’ mistakes.” Adding, “In general towards the end of the tournaments younger players have that advantage so the other players will have to try to equal that by having good fitness as well.” As we get older, it becomes more important for all of us all to stay physically fit to maintain a competitive advantage in a cut-throat world.

Recently there have been a number of studies on the cognitive benefits of exercise, that show how exercise stimulates the production of brain cells, and generally how stronger bodies make for stronger minds. Indeed, exercise is one of the things that separates great scientists from merely average ones.

Carlsen is not unusual in this: Alexander Kosteniuk runs five kilometers every morning and advised new players,

I cannot stress enough how important physical preparation is before chess tournaments. Chess competition is tough, requires many hours spent at the chess board, with maximum concentration. You need all your strength and nerves to be in top form. Nothing will prepare you better than being in best physical form.

While those of us old enough to remember the day of Cold War chess competitions might recall chain-smoking heavyset guys throwing pieces, now at least a respectable minority of serious players takes for granted that physical fitness gives you the mental toughness and simple stamina required to play world-class games.

“the person who initiates the solution to a problem is different from the one who solves it”

An interesting aside in Santiago Ramón y Cajal’s Advice for a Young Investigator on neuroplasticity, creativity, and identity:

When one reflects on the ability that humans display for modifying and refining mental activity related to a problem under serious examination, it is difficult to avoid concluding that the brain is plastic and goes through a process of anatomical and functional differentiation, adapting itself progressively to the problem. The adequate and specific organization acquired by nerve cells eventually produces what I would refer to as professional or adaptational talent. As a motivator of the will itself, this brain organization provides the energy to adapt understanding to the nature of the problem under consideration. In a certain sense, it would not be paradoxical to say that the person who initiates the solution to a problem is different from the one who solves it. This is an obvious and simple explanation for the astonishment proclaimed by all investigators on discovering the simple solution so laboriously sought. “Why didn’t I think of this at the outset!” we exclaim. “There was so much confusion traveling down roads that led nowhere!”

I think we’ve all had the experience of feeling like a particularly challenging piece of work required us to grow a little in order to solve it. What Ramón y Cajal is arguing here is that while we usually think of this as an improvement in our skills, we should think of it as an improvement in our selves as well.

“Two very simple rules, a: you don’t have to write. b: you can’t do anything else.”

Raymond Chandler in a 1949 letter to Alex Barris on the discipline of writing:

What do I do with myself from day to day? I write when I can and I don’t write when I can’t; always in the morning or the early part of the day. You get very gaudy ideas at night but they don’t stand up. I found this out a long time ago….

I’m always seeing little piece by writers about how they don’t ever wait for inspiration; they just sit down at their little desks every morning at eight, rain or shine…. However blank their minds or dull their wits, no nonsense about inspiration from them. I offer them my admiration and take care to avoid their books. Me, I wait for inspiration, although I don’t necessarily call it by that name… The important thing is that there should be a space of time, say four hours a day at the least, when a professional writer doesn’t do anything but write. He doesn’t have to write, and if he doesn’t feel like it, he shouldn’t try. He can look out the window or stand on his head or writhe on the floor. But he is not to do any other positive thing, not read, write letters, glance at magazines, or write checks. Either write or nothing…. I find it works. Two very simple rules, a: you don’t have to write. b: you can’t do anything else. The rest comes of itself.

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